The correlation between mobile phone addiction and procrastination in students: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Mobile phone addiction (MPA) has been extensively researched as an important factor for students' procrastination. However, the direction and magnitudes of the correlation between MPA and procrastination remain unclear. This meta-analysis, thus, aims to explore the relationship between MPA and procrastination in students, as well as the moderating effects of participant's individual characteristics (education level and sex), measurement tools, and social situational factors (publication year and culture). METHODS: Qualified studies were obtained through a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and Weipu. Meta-analysis was conducted in the CMA 3.0 software, and meta-analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the moderating effect. RESULTS: A total of 75 studies, including 48,031 participants, were obtained. The combined effect size of the random effects model showed a significant positive correlation between MPA and procrastination in students (r = 0.376, 95 % CI [0.345, 0.406]). Education level, sex, culture, and MPA measurement tools significantly moderated the correlation between MPA and procrastination. However, the correlation was not moderated by the year of publication and the measurement tools of procrastination. CONCLUSION: MPA is positively correlated with procrastination in students. Given the high incidence of MPA in students and its potential risk factors for procrastination, attention should be paid to the identification and intervention of MPA to prevent students from procrastination.

A meta-analysis of the association between loneliness and all-cause mortality in older adults.

Despite the well-established association between loneliness and all-cause mortality in older adults, it remains unknown whether this association holds for older adults of different sex and whether it is influenced by different samples and study characteristics. Thus, this meta-analysis aims to examine moderators of the association between loneliness and all-cause mortality in older adults. To this end, relevant literature was retrieved from the PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, and Wanfang databases (inception to May 2023) and was processed in the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.3 software. Moreover, subgroup analysis was performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity and further explore potential moderators. Funnel plots, Begg's test, and Egger's linear regression test were used to examine the publication bias, and sensitivity analysis was used to test the robustness of the results. Thirty-six studies involving 128,927 older adults were included in this meta-analysis. In general, loneliness was related to an increase in all-cause mortality in older adults (HR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.06-1.12, I2 = 63.31%, p < 0.001). The overall effect size for older men was 1.18 (95% CI = 1.04-1.33, p = 0.010). The association between loneliness and all-cause mortality was found to be significantly influenced by the source country of the data, follow-up length, and covariates for chronic disease as moderators. In conclusion, loneliness among older adults deserves more attention, and services are needed to improve their mental health.

Ageing in place and loneliness of older adults in Shanghai, China.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined loneliness experiences of older adults and the relationship between ageing in place and their loneliness from the social resources perspective of social capital in Shanghai, China. METHODS: We used the purposive sampling method and conducted face-to-face individual interviews for 21 older adults who were widowed or living alone. A semi-structured interview was carried out based on a pilot-tested interview guide, and the interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. RESULTS: Older adults expressed a feeling of 'lonely pain', and themes identified included lack of intimacy and companionship, fear of declining health, loss and death, and a sense of disconnection from the external world. In the context of ageing in place, they mobilised the social capital embedded in the community to cope with loneliness by obtaining support, participating in activities and experiencing the trust and reciprocity that results from social networks. However, inadequate ageing in place services cannot fully alleviate the risk of loneliness for older adults, especially for those who are widowed or living alone. CONCLUSIONS: The social capital embedded in the context of ageing in place in Shanghai partially helps older adults deal with loneliness, and future ageing in place policy and services should be improved to make older adults who wish to stay at home or in a familiar community live safely, autonomously and not feel lonely.